Which of the following is a bacterial disease that can result from sewage exposure?

Typhoid fever is caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi, and it can indeed result from exposure to sewage. This disease is primarily transmitted through contaminated food and water, highlights the significant public health risks associated with improper sanitation and sewage management. When sewage is not adequately treated, it can contaminate water supplies, which in turn can lead to the spread of typhoid. Individuals who ingest food or water contaminated with the bacteria can fall ill, demonstrating a direct connection between sewage exposure and the onset of typhoid fever.

In contrast, Hepatitis A, Norovirus, and COVID-19 are not classified as bacterial diseases. Hepatitis A is a viral liver infection that can also be transmitted through contaminated food and water, but it is not bacterial. Norovirus is another viral pathogen that spreads primarily through contaminated food, surfaces, or close contact with infected individuals. COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, is a respiratory illness transmitted mainly through respiratory droplets, not sewage. Therefore, typhoid fever is the only option among the choices provided that is directly associated with bacterial infection arising from sewage exposure.