Which of the following is a bacterial disease that can result from sewage exposure?

Typhoid fever is indeed a bacterial disease that can be contracted through exposure to sewage-contaminated water or food. It is caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi and is primarily spread via the fecal-oral route, often through ingestion of contaminated water or food that has been in contact with sewage. This highlights the significant public health risks associated with inadequate sanitation and sewage management, making it crucial to maintain clean water sources to prevent outbreaks.

In contrast, the other options provided are caused by either viruses or different pathogens. Hepatitis A is a viral infection that can also be transmitted through the fecal-oral route but is not bacterial. Norovirus is another viral agent known for causing gastroenteritis, typically spread through contaminated food or surfaces but not specifically linked to sewage exposure as a bacterial disease. COVID-19, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, primarily spreads through respiratory droplets, not through sewage. Therefore, typhoid fever stands out as the option directly related to bacterial disease from sewage exposure.