Which disease is NOT commonly associated with sewage exposure?

Tuberculosis is primarily a respiratory disease caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis and is primarily transmitted through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. While sanitation and hygiene practices can play a role in the spread of tuberculosis, exposure to sewage is not a well-recognized risk factor for acquiring this disease.

In contrast, cholera, polio, and typhoid are all diseases that are commonly associated with waterborne pathogens found in contaminated sewage. Cholera is caused by Vibrio cholerae and is typically transmitted through drinking water or food contaminated with fecal matter. Similarly, typhoid fever is caused by Salmonella typhi, which can spread through ingestion of contaminated food or water. Polio, caused by the poliovirus, can also spread through fecal-oral transmission, particularly in areas with poor sanitation.

This illustrates why tuberculosis does not fit in the same category as the others, which are directly linked to sewage exposure.