What is a common complication that can occur during venipuncture?

A hematoma is a common complication of venipuncture that occurs when blood leaks out of the vein and into the surrounding tissue. This can happen if the needle punctures through the vein wall or if there is insufficient pressure applied after the needle is withdrawn. The result is a localized collection of blood that can cause swelling, discoloration, and discomfort in the area. It’s important to minimize the risk of hematoma by using proper techniques during venipuncture, such as applying appropriate pressure after the procedure and ensuring proper patient positioning.

While other options can also occur during venipuncture, they are generally less common. For example, syncope, or fainting, may happen in response to the procedure but is typically due to the patient's anxiety or reaction rather than a direct complication from the venipuncture itself. Infection can occur post-procedure if proper aseptic techniques are not followed, but it is not an immediate complication of the act itself. Allergic reactions are rare and usually involve sensitivity to the materials being used, such as antiseptics or latex gloves, rather than the venipuncture process directly. Thus, hematoma stands out as a frequent issue encountered during venipuncture procedures.